LEARN Flat Slab

INTRO & LIMITATIONS
	The software performs Analysis, Design, Estimation & Costing of A RCC Flat Slab at a given Uniform Level (2D). Multiple Level Floors (3D) cannot be analyzed. Building Plan shall be square / rectangular in shape. Flat Slab also designs building Columns (under Bi-Axial Moment) and Isolated Footings (Under Uni-Axial Load) when Column Project file is created by the user. Column & Footing quantities & costs are added to floor costs to arrive at complete building cost. The Software basically requires a User to enter floor data for Joints, Columns, Beams, Slabs, Point loads & Continuity. The rest of the things are taken care of by the software. The results are displayed in the form of BM & SF, Beam & Slab Schedule, Quantities, Cost, Bar bending Schedule for Beams & Column Loads. Graphics option are available for display and tabular Format is available for Editing and Deleting Data. A User should Delete / Edit Input-Data through the various Program Options only. If any editing is done outside the design environment than Data files may become corrupted. All Data should be Strictly "Entered" as explained in following steps. Extensive Printing options are available under each display. Printing is straight forward with default set of values ( Arial Font, 8 mm Thick, Bold, Portrait ). Only Beam Schedule will be Printed in Landscape Orientation. The best way to go about the software is to Mark on the Floor Plan, Joint, Beam, Column and Slab Numbers. A Joint represents a Column location or an intersection between 2 Beams. The Beams are represented by its location in the form of Right Hand Side (RHS) & Left Hand Side (LHS) Joint numbers. The Slabs are represented by LEFT BOTTOM & RIGHT TOP joint numbers. All Joints will have X & Y Co-Ordinates, Top Left corner is taken as origin (0, 0). Joint / Beam / Column / Slab numbers should start with " 1 " and should not be repeated. The Program will generate automatic Joint, Beam, Column & Slab Numbers from the information given in Project File. Some of these Numbers / Members may not be required & shall be deleted in a systematic manner as explained in the following chapters. The Final Plan Graphics should look exactly as the Floor Plan.
	Hidden Beam marking in flat slab is different than the normal floor plan GA. 1: Mark the Hidden Beams (Column Strips) in the same way as you Mark the Normal Beams but remember the following differences. 2: Hidden Beam (Column Strip) depth shall = Flat Slab (Middle Strip) Thickness. 3: All Flat Slab (Middle Strips) thickness shall be uniform. 4: Initial (Trial) Flat Slab Thickness = Max. Span of Beam or Slab in the Floor in MM ÷ 28. 5: Keep Column Size as Large as Possible, Larger the Column size lesser the Flat Slab thickness. 6: Minimum Column size allowed is 300 x 300 MM. 7: Try to Avoid secondary beams, i.e. hidden beams resting on one another. 8: Avoid concentrated loads, else flat slab thickness will be very high. 9: Convert wall line load in to UDL as w ÷ (0.6 * slab_span). and avoid beam below wall line load. Refer IS 456-2000, clause 24.3.2. 10: Hence convert all internal partitions in to equivalent UDL & avoid beams. 11: Try to Keep Minimum spacing of beams at 2.0 M C/C. 12: In order to get most optimum design keep the slab and beam spans uniformly within 20 % of each other. 13: Spacing of columns shall be as uniform as possible within say 20 % of each other. 14: Avoid Eccentricity of Walls vis a vis Hidden Beams and Columns. 15: One Way Shears are calculated at effective depth from Column face and Punching shear at deff ÷ 2. 16: BMs are calculated at Column face. BM & SF are calculated at Beam Center Line for Beam to Beam Joint. 17: Flat Slab depth to be revised, if steel area exceeds 182 cm2. 18: In Case of Un-safe Hidden Beam design Reframe the Plan or Revise Slab Depth or Column Size or Concrete Grade. 19: Flat Slab Design is meant for Vertical Loads only, for Lateral Loads Shear walls or Bracing Systems shall be Provided. 20: For Analysis & Design of Shear Wall refer our Super Civil CD software. 21: For Design of Bracing Systems refer our Steel_2007 software. 22: Designer to Calculate DL + LL Moments in Columns from both the Axis. The Width and Depth of Hidden Beam will be displayed after running Design option. Frame Analysis under DL + LL shall be performed along both the axis and Column Moments shall be entered using Column Display Option. If DL + LL Column Moments are not Entered then Design of Flat Slab will be in-correct. 23: Use any 2/3 D Frame Analysis Software or for Quick Results Use Our Own 2 D Frame Analysis Software to Perform Frame Analysis in Each Direction. 24: Beam Loads can be taken as tributary or UDL for Frame Analysis. 25: Main Steel is to be placed in Longer Direction & not in Shorter Direction. 26: Convert Non Rectangular Column into Equivalent Square Column before Designing. 27: Min Reinforcement % in Either Direction = 0.20 %. 28: Reinforcement Spacing Shall not Exceed 2 x Depth. 29: Sometimes Design gives Congested steel or Links, Use Substitute Program given with software to change Re-bars numbers, Spacing and Link diameter. 30: Use High Grade of Concrete Preferably M 30 or M 35. 31: At Ends and Corners the Flat Slab shall Extend up to or beyond Outer Edge of Column Else Flat Slab will Fail in Punching. Refer Details as under. 32: Large openings cannot be provided in Flat Slab. 33: Small openings say <= 300 MM can be located near the center of Slab. 34: Staircase panel shall be treated as normal slab & not as opening, Program will calculate the Loads automatically. 35: All Walls are assumed as Brick wall of 1.8 T/M3 density, if wall is of different density then width shall be changed proportionately. 36. In case of Unsafe Flat Slab / Hidden beam Design, any one or all of the following measure shall be adopted. Reframe General Arrangement (GA) / {Beam layout} Plan. Revise Hidden Beam / Flat Slab Depth. Increase Column Size. Increase Concrete Grade. 37. When the DL + LL Column Moments are high compare to DL + LL vertical Loads, the program will indicate Higher column size at upper floors & not at lower floors. A designer has to overcome this problem by adjusting the column size or % of reinforcements along the column floors.
	Cantilever beams cannot be analyzed.
	Beams / Columns / Slabs shall be along two mutually perpendicular axis (X and Y). Polygonal (Multi-sided) slabs cannot be analyzed.
	Export to Excel : When the " Analysis Result -> Bending Moment & Reaction " option is Run, a Text file is automatically created. This File will open in Any Text Editor. You can also Open this Text File in EXCEL. Start Excel -> File -> Open -> Delimited ->Next : Delimiters -> Comma ->Next -> Finish. Now you will notice that Complete Data is displayed in Excel Spread Sheet. In Excel Sheet Editing, Deleting, Sorting, Printing & Merging of Data/Files/Excel Sheets is Extremely Easy. Similar Text files are created in " Shear Corrected BM & SF " (Design BM & SF), " Beam Schedule ", " Slab Schedule " & " Column Loads " option for Exporting Results to Excel Spread Sheet & its subsequent Manipulation. Export to PDF: A free PDF Creator Program is available with this Software. Designer can directly export to PDF instead of printing various reports.
	Intersecting Joints between two Beams (Main & Secondary) is assumed as Hinged. Hence no Moment transfer is envisaged.
	After data input, the user has to switch over to graphic option for visual checking of joints / columns / beams / slab nos. When the data is error free the user can run the Analysis, Design and Quantity options. The various results are also available through display or print options.
	Analysis, Design and Quantity options should be run in strict order, else program will give unexpected results.
	Program creates automatic Joint numbers as per nos. of Horizontal & Vertical Grids. Here Grids means Beams coming along Column center lines as well as all Internal Beams not aligned with columns. A user has to input Information regarding Horizontal & Vertical Grids while creating Project File.
	A user can delete the Joints not required by using Joint Option.
	Joints will be automatically re-numbered when "UPDATE" button is clicked or at "EXIT".
	Remember to Delete / Edit Corresponding Beam / Column / Slab Member, whose Joint has been deleted.
	Always delete Beam / Column / Slab member from the "END" to facilitate further Editing. After Deleting press "UPDATE" button for re-numbering of members.
	After Deleting corresponding Beam / Column / Slab Member & Updating, edit the required Joint Numbers of affected Beam / Column / Slab Members.
	Go through the "READ ME" Button for better understanding of that particular Option.
	For Durability aspect of Design, refer our " Super Civil CD " software.
	Beam Bar bending codes and details are as per enclosed standard drawings.
	Hidden Beam / Flat Slab Depth < 200 and > 600 MM not permitted.
	Hidden Beam Width is calculated automatically by the Program.
	Links (Stirrups) < 75 MM for Hidden Beams is not permitted.
	Hidden Beam Reinforcement > 4 % not permitted.
	Age factor is considered as 1.15.
	All Columns are placed Centrally with respect to Beams in either direction. There is no provision to offset the column in either direction. If the offset is large than user should re-workout the Beam Span. Column design is fully automatic, Input from the User is not required. Column Size is governed by Initial size given by the user and allowable standard size and reinforcement %, Refer Step No. 5 and 16.
	All Foundations are designed as Isolated Footings under Pure Compression. No moments are allowed in any direction. User should Analyze all Building frames considering Base as Hinged. Isolated Footing design is fully automatic, Input from the User is not required. Footing Size is governed by allowable bearing capacity (SBC) of soil and the initial size given by the user. Footing is optimized by having offset in either direction from column as equal, hence footing reinforcement in both direction is same. Overlapping footings should be corrected by changing the footing dimension, keeping the required base area constant OR by making Combine footing / Raft / Piles etc.
	Minimum Computer RAM memory of 1 GB is recommended.
	Use Laser OR Ink Jet Printer.
	References: 1. BS - 8110 - 1997. 2. IS - 456- 2000 / 1978 / 1964. 3. SP 24 - 1983. 4. Advance Reinforced Concrete Design by P. C. Varghese. 5. Reinforced Concrete Designers Handbook by C. E. Reynolds.